1.Principle of Continuity:
Development follows the principle of continuity which means that development is a continuous process. It starts with pre-natal and ends with death.
2.Principle of lack of uniformity in the developmental rate:
Development though the continuous process, but does not exhibit steadiness and uniformity in terms of the rate of development in various development of personality or in the developmental periods and stage of life.
3.Principle of interaction between Heredity and Environment:
Development of a child is a process that cannot be defined wholly based on either on heredity or environment. Both have to play an important role in development. There are arguments in favour of both. However, most of the psychologists agree that an interplay o these two factors lead to development.
Where heredity decides or set some limits on development (mostly physical), environmental influences complete the developmental process(qualitative). Environmental influences provide space for multidimensional development through interaction with family, peers, society and so on.
4.Cephalocaudal Principle :
Development proceeds in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Development from head to foot or toe. That is why, before it becomes able to stand, the child first gains control over his head and arms and then on his legs.
5.Proximodistal Principle:
Development of motor skills to start at central body parts to outwards. That is why, in the beginning, the child is seen to exercise control over the large fundamental muscles of the arm and then hand and only afterwards over the smaller muscles of the fingers.
6. Principle of predictability:
Development is predictable, which means that with the help of the uniformity of pattern and sequence of development. We can go to a great extent, forecast the general nature and behaviour of a child in one or more aspects or dimension at any particular stage of its growth and development. We can know the particular age at which children will learn to walk, speak and so on.
7. Principle of interrelation:
The Various aspects or dimension of one’s growth and development are interrelated. What is achieved or not achieved in on or other dimensions in the course of the gradual and continuous process of development surely affect the development of other dimensions.
8. Principle of Integration:
Development thus involves a movement from the whole to parts and from parts to the whole and this way it is the integration of the whole and its parts as well as the specific and general responses. It enables a child to develop satisfactorily in relation to various aspects or dimension of his personality.
Example: Child first starts to learn hand movement then finger movement and then learn the movement of both hand and finger together this is called integration.
9. Principle of proceeding from general to specific:
While developing in relation to any aspect of personality. The child first pickup or exhibit general response and learn how to show specific and goal-directed responses afterwards.
10. Principle of Spiral versus Linear advancement:
The child doesn’t proceed straight or linear on the path of development at any stage never takes place with a constant or steady pace. After the child had developed to a certain level, there is likely to be a period of rest for
consolidation of the developmental progress achieved till then. In advancing further, therefore, the development turn back and then moves forward again in a spiral patterns.
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