Parts of Speech - Definition, 8 Types and Examples

In the English language, every word is called a part of speech. The role a word plays in a sentence denotes what part of speech it belongs to. Explore the definition of parts of speech, the different parts of speech and examples in this article.

Table of Contents

• What Is a Part of Speech?
  • Parts of Speech Definition
• Different Parts of Speech with Examples
• Sentences Examples for the 8 Parts of Speech
• A Small Exercise to Check Your Understanding of Parts of Speech
• Frequently Asked Questions on Parts of Speech

What Is a Part of Speech?

Parts of speech are among the first grammar topics we learn when we are in school or when we start our English language learning process. Parts of speech can be defined as words that perform different roles in a sentence. Some parts of speech can perform the functions of other parts of speech too.

Parts of Speech Definition

• The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary defines parts of speech as “one of the classes into which words are divided according to their grammar, such as noun, verb, adjective, etc.”
• The Cambridge Dictionary also gives a similar definition – “One of the grammatical groups into which words are divided, such as noun, verb, and adjective”.

Different Parts of Speech with Examples

Parts of speech include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.

8 Parts of Speech Definitions and Examples:

1. Nouns are words that are used to name people, places, animals, ideas and things. Nouns can be classified into two main categories: Common nouns and Proper nouns. Common nouns are generic like ball, car, stick, etc., and proper nouns are more specific like Charles, The White House, The Sun, etc.

Examples of nouns used in sentences:

• • • She bought a pair of shoes. (thing)
    • I have a pet. (animal)
    • Is this your book? (object)
    • Many people have a fear of darkness. (ideas/abstract nouns)
    • He is my brother. (person)
    • This is my school. (place)

Also, explore Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns.

2. Pronouns are words that are used to substitute a noun in a sentence. There are different types of pronouns. Some of them are reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns, relative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. I, he, she, it, them, his, yours, anyone, nobody, who, etc., are some of the pronouns.

Examples of pronouns used in sentences:

1. 1. • I reached home at six in the evening. (1st person singular pronoun)
      • Did someone see a red bag on the counter? (Indefinite pronoun)
      • Is this the boy who won the first prize? (Relative pronoun)
      • That is my mom. (Possessive pronoun)
      • I hurt myself yesterday when we were playing cricket. (Reflexive pronoun)

3. Verbs are words that denote an action that is being performed by the noun or the subject in a sentence. They are also called action words. Some examples of verbs are read, sit, run, pick, garnish, come, pitch, etc.

Examples of verbs used in sentences:

1. 1. • She plays cricket every day.
      • Darshana and Arul are going to the movies.
      • My friends visited me last week.
      • Did you have your breakfast?
      • My name is Meenakshi Kishore.

4. Adverbs are words that are used to provide more information about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs used in a sentence. There are five main types of adverbs namely, adverbs of manner, adverbs of degree, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of time and adverbs of place. Some examples of adverbs are today, quickly, randomly, early, 10 a.m. etc.

Examples of adverbs used in sentences:

1. 1. • Did you come here to buy an umbrella? (Adverb of place)
      • I did not go to school yesterday as I was sick. (Adverb of time)
      • Savio reads the newspaper everyday. (Adverb of frequency)
      • Can you please come quickly? (Adverb of manner)
      • Tony was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes open during the meeting. (Adverb of degree)

5. Adjectives are words that are used to describe or provide more information about the noun or the subject in a sentence. Some examples of adjectives include good, ugly, quick, beautiful, late, etc.

Examples of adjectives used in sentences:

1. 1. • The place we visited yesterday was serene.
      • Did you see how big that dog was?
      • The weather is pleasant today.
      • The red dress you wore on your birthday was lovely.
      • My brother had only one chapati for breakfast.

6. Prepositions are words that are used to link one part of the sentence to another. Prepositions show the position of the object or subject in a sentence. Some examples of prepositions are in, out, besides, in front of, below, opposite, etc.

Examples of prepositions used in sentences:

1. 1. • The teacher asked the students to draw lines on the paper so that they could write in straight lines.
      • The child hid his birthday presents under his bed.
      • Mom asked me to go to the store near my school.
      • The thieves jumped over the wall and escaped before we could reach home.

7. Conjunctions are a part of speech that is used to connect two different parts of a sentence, phrases and clauses. Some examples of conjunctions are and, or, for, yet, although, because, not only, etc.

Examples of conjunctions used in sentences:

1. 1. • Meera and Jasmine had come to my birthday party.
      • Jane did not go to work as she was sick.
      • Unless you work hard, you cannot score good marks.
      • I have not finished my project, yet I went out with my friends.

8. Interjections are words that are used to convey strong emotions or feelings. Some examples of interjections are oh, wow, alas, yippee, etc. It is always followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples of interjections used in sentences:

1. 1. • Wow! What a wonderful work of art.
      • Alas! That is really sad.
      • Yippee! We won the match.

Sentence Examples for the 8 Parts of Speech

1. 1. 1. Noun – Tom lives in New York.
      2. Pronoun – Did she find the book she was looking for?
      3. Verb – I reached home.
      4. Adverb – The tea is too hot.
      5. Adjective – The movie was amazing.
      6. Preposition – The candle was kept under the table.
      7. Conjunction – I was at home all day, but I am feeling very tired.
      8. Interjection – Oh! I forgot to turn off the stove.

A Small Exercise to Check Your Understanding of Parts of Speech

Let us find out if you have understood the different parts of speech and their functions. Try identifying which part of speech the highlighted words belong to.

1. 1. 1. My brother came home late.
      2. I am a good girl.
      3. This is the book I was looking for.
      4. Whoa! This is amazing.
      5. The climate in Kodaikanal is very pleasant.
      6. Can you please pick up Dan and me on your way home?

Now, let us see if you got it right. Check your answers.

1. 1. 1. My – Pronoun, Home – Noun, Late – Adverb
      2. Am – Verb, Good – Adjective
      3. I – Pronoun, Was looking – Verb
      4. Whoa – Interjection, Amazing – Adjective
      5. Climate – Noun, In – Preposition, Kodaikanal – Noun, Very – Adverb
      6. And – Conjunction, On – Preposition, Your – Pronoun

Frequently Asked Questions on Parts of Speech

Q1

What are parts of speech?

The term ‘parts of speech’ refers to words that perform different functions in a sentence  in order to give the sentence a proper meaning and structure.

Q2

How many parts of speech are there?

There are 8 parts of speech in total.

Q3

What are the 8 parts of speech?

Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections are the 8 parts of speech.

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Transport Department Recruitment – 18 MVI Posts, Online Apply

Transport Department, Assam.
Last Date: 17/04/2024.

Transport Department, Assam has released an employment notification for the recruitment of 18 Motor Vehicle Inspector (MVI) vacancy under the Transport Department, Assam. Interested and eligible candidates may apply online here.

 

Transport Department Recruitment 2024

Name of post: Motor Vehicle Inspector (MVI)

No of posts: 18 posts

 

Category-wise vacancy: 

 

# UR: 12
# OBC/ MOBC: 4
# SC: 2

Department: Transport Department, Assam

Scale of Pay: Rs. 22,000/- to 97,000/- Grade Pay: Rs. 9,400

 

Related Article: Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Recruitment

Eligibility Criteria of Transport Department Assam Recruitment

Citizenship: Candidates must be Indian Citizens as defined in Articles 5 to 8 of the Constitution of India.

Residentship:

(i) The candidate must be a permanent resident of Assam.
(ii) The candidate must produce PRC issued in Assam for educational purpose/ Employment Exchange Registration certificate will be treated as proof of residency. 

Educational Qualification: H.S.L.C./H.S.S.L.C. with 3 (three) years Diploma in Automobile or Mechanical Engineering from a recognised Institute of Govt. of Assam/ Govt. of India and also duly recognised by AICTE.

Age Limit: The candidates should not be less than 21 years of age and not more than 38 years of age as on 01/01/2024.

Age Relaxation: The category-wise age relaxation is as mentioned below.

# SC/ ST: By 5 years .
# OBC/ MOBC: By 3 years .

# PwBD: By 10 years .

Application Fee: The category-wise application is as mentioned below.

# General/EWS: 297.20
# SC/ST/OBC/MOBC: 197.20
# BPL: 47.20
# PwBD: 47.20
# Payment Mode: Online

How to Apply for Transport Department Recruitment ?

Interested and eligible candidates may apply online for these vacancy by visiting official APSC Recruitment Portal. Candidates may follow below mentioned steps to apply for Transport Department Assam Vacancy.

# Scroll down, go to Important Web-Links section .

# Click on the "Online Application" and complete the registration process.

# In the next stage, click on "Online Application" Link and Login.

# Fill your all personal and educational details and upload necessary documents.

# Make payment of application fee as per your category and submit the form.

# At the end, take a print out of the application form .

 

Important Dates of Transport Department Vacancy 2024

# Starting date of submission of online application: 18th March 2024
# Last date of submission of online application: 17th April 2024

 

Important Web-Links of Transport Department Assam Recruitment

Online Application Form	18/03/2024
Advertisement Details	Click Here
Official Website	Click Here

 

FAQs of Transport Department Recruitment

What is the starting date to apply online for Transport Department Recruitment ?

The starting date to apply online for Transport Department Recruitment is 18th March 2024.

What is the last date to apply online for Transport Department Recruitment ?

The last date to apply online for Transport Department Recruitment is 17th April 2024.

What is the total number of vacancies in Transport Department Recruitment ?

The total number of vacancies in Transport Department Recruitment is 18

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CBSE CTET Notification – CTET July 2024, Online Apply

CBSE CTET 2024

 

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the official notification regarding the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) July 2024 on its official website. 

 

CBSE will be conducting the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) on 7th July 2024, in twenty languages in 136 cities at various examination centres spread across the country. Candidates who want to pursue teaching in school level as their profession must appear and qualify in CTET. Interested and eligible candidates may apply online here .

CBSE CTET Overview

Name of exam: Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) July 2024

Name of board: Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

No of CTET Edition: 19th edition

Date of exam: 7th July 2024

 

Type of exam: Offline 

Exam centres in Assam: Dibrugarh, Guwahati and Silchar

Validity of CTET certificate: Lifetime

 

Application mode: Online 

 

Last date of submission of application: 2nd April 2024

 

Helpline: Mail to ctet.cbse@nic.in mentioning your Registration/ Application No. in the mail

Official website: https://ctet.nic.in

Eligibility Criteria of CBSE CTET Exam

 

The minimum educational qualifications for appearing in the CTET are as notified by NCTE. The candidates are advised to visit the website of NCTE https://ncte.gov.in to ascertain their eligibility. 

 

Classes I-V or Primary Stage

Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 2- year Diploma in Elementary Education (by whatever name known)
OR
Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 45% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 2- year Diploma in Elementary Education (by whatever name known), in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure), Regulations, 2002.
OR
Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 4- year Bachelor of Elementary Education (B.EI.Ed).
OR
Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 2- year Diploma in Education (Special Education)*.
OR
“Graduation with at least 50% marks and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)”
“(a) who has acquired the qualification or Bachelor of Education from any NCTE recognized institution shall be considered for appointment as a teacher in classes I to V provided the person so appointed as a teacher shall mandatorily undergo a six month Bridge Course in Elementary Education recognized by the NCTE, within two year of such appointment as primary teacher”.

Classes VI-VIII or Elementary Stage

 

Graduation and passed or appearing in final year of 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education (by whatever name known).
OR
Graduation with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in 1-year Bachelor in Education (B.Ed).
OR
Graduation with at least 45% marks and passed or appearing in 1-year Bachelor in Education (B.Ed), in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations issued from time to time in this regard.
OR
Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 4- year Bachelor in Elementary Education (B.EI.Ed).
OR
Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in final year of 4- year B.A/B.Sc.Ed or B.A.Ed/B.Sc.Ed.
OR
Graduation with at least 50% marks and passed or appearing in 1-year B.Ed. (Special Education)*.
OR
Any candidate having qualified B.Ed. Programme recognized by the NCTE is eligible to appear in TET/CTET. Moreover, as per the existing TET guidelines circulated vide NCTE letter dated 11-02-2011, a person who is pursuing any of the teacher education courses (recognized by the NCTE or the RCI, as the case may be) specified in the NCTE Notification dated 23rd August 2010 is also qualified to appear in the TET/CTET.

Application Fee of CTET 2024

 

All the candidates have to pay a certain amount as application fee. Category-wise application fee is as given below .

Category	Only Paper I or II	Both Paper I & II
General/OBC	Rs.1000/-	Rs.1200/-
SC/ST/PWD	Rs.500/-	Rs.600/-

 

How to Apply for CTET Examination ?

 

Interested and eligible candidates may apply online for CTET July 2024 by visiting at official portal of CBSE CTET. They may follow below mentioned steps .

# Scroll down, go to Important Web-Links section .

# Click on Online Application Form link .

# A new webpage will be opened.

# Enter all your personal and educational details as required .

# Upload your passport sized photograph and signature and other required documents.

# Pay the examination fee as per your category and at the end click on submit button .

# Don't forget to take a print of submitted application form .

Important Dates of CBSE CTET Exam 2024

 

# Starting date of submission of online application: 7th March 2024
# Last date of submission of online application: 2nd April 2024

# Issue of CTET Admit Card: Two Days before the day of examination
# Date of CTET Examination 2024: 7th July 2024

 

Important Web-Links of CTET Notification

Online Application Form	Click Here
Official Notification	Click Here
Information Bulletin	Click Here
CTET Guide Book	Click Here
CTET Question Papers	Click Here
Official Website	Click Here

 

Structure of CTET Exam

All questions in CTET will be Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), with four alternatives out of which one answer will be most appropriate. Each carrying one mark and there will be no negative marking.

There will be two papers of CTET.

(i) Paper I will be for a person who intends to be a teacher for classes I to V.
(ii) Paper II will be for a person who intends to be a teacher for classes VI to VIII.

Note: A person who intends to be a teacher for both levels (classes I to V and classes VI to VIII) will have to appear in both the papers (Paper I and Paper II).

Paper I (for Classes I to V)

Subject	No of MCQs	Marks
Child Development and Pedagogy	30	30
Mathematics	30	30
Environmental Studies	30	30
Language I	30	30
Language II	30	30
Total	150 MCQs	150 Marks

Nature and standard of questions:

# Duration of examination is Two-and-a-half hours.

# The test items on Child Development and Pedagogy will focus on educational psychology of teaching and learning relevant to the age group of 6-11 years. They will focus on understanding the characteristics and needs of diverse learners, interaction with learners and the attributes and qualities of a good facilitator of learning.

# The Test items in Language I will focus on the proficiencies related to the medium of instruction.

# The Test items in Language II will focus on the elements of language, communication and comprehension abilities.

# Language II will be a language other than Language I. A candidate may choose any one language as Language I and other as Language II from the available language options and will be required to specify the same in the Confirmation Page.

# The Test items in Mathematics and Environmental Studies will focus on the concepts, problem solving abilities and pedagogical understanding and applications of the subjects. In all these subject areas, the test items will be evenly distributed over different divisions of the syllabus of that subject prescribed for classes I-V by the NCERT.

# The questions in the test for Paper I will be based on the topics prescribed in syllabus of the NCERT for classes I - V but their difficulty standard as well as linkages, could be up to the Secondary stage.

Paper II (for Classes VI to VIII)

Subject	No of MCQs	Marks
Child Development and Pedagogy	30	30
Mathematics and Science	60	60
OR Social Studies/ Social Science	60	60
Language I	30	30
Language II	30	30
Total	150 MCQs	150 MCQs

Nature and standard of questions:

# Duration of examination is Two-and-a-half hours.

# The test items on Child Development and Pedagogy will focus on educational psychology of teaching and learning, relevant to the age group of 11-14 years. They will focus on understanding the characteristics, needs and psychology of diverse learners, interaction with learners and the attributes and qualities of a good facilitator of learning.

# The Test items in Language I will focus on the proficiencies related to the medium of instruction.

# The Test items in Language II will focus on the elements of language, communication and comprehension abilities.

# Language II will be a language other than Language I. A candidate may choose any one language as Language I and other as Language II from the available language options and will be required to specify the same in the Confirmation Page.

# The Test items in Mathematics and Science, and Social Studies/Social Science will focus on the concepts, problem solving abilities and pedagogical understanding and applications of the subjects. The test items of Mathematics and Science will be of 30 marks each. The test items will be evenly distributed over different divisions of the syllabus of that subject as prescribed for classes VI-VIII by the NCERT.

# The questions in the test for Paper II will be based on the topics prescribed in syllabus of the NCERT for classes VI-VIII but their difficulty standard as well as linkages, could be up to the Senior Secondary stage.

FAQs of CTET January 2024

 

What is the starting date to apply online for CBSE CTET 2024?

The starting date to apply online for CBSE CTET 2024 is 7th March 2024.

What is the last date to apply online for CTET 2024?

The last date to apply online for CBSE CTET 2024 is 2nd April 2024.

What is the application fee of CBSE CTET 2024 ?

The application fee is Rs 1000/- for a single paper and Rs 1200/- for both papers in case of general category candidates.

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বিজ্ঞান বিষয়ৰ কিছুমান গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ/Some important questions and answers in science

বিজ্ঞান বিষয়ৰ কিছুমান গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ/Some important questions and answers in science

1.প্ৰশ্ন:আপেক্ষিকবাদ মতবাদৰ জনক কোন?

উত্তৰ:- এলবাৰ্ট আইনষ্টাইন।

2.প্ৰশ্ন:গাড়ীত কি দাপোণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

উত্তৰ:- উত্তল দাপোণ।

3.প্ৰশ্ন:পটাচিয়াম নাইট্ৰেট কি কামৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়?

উত্তৰ:- বাৰুদ বনোৱাৰ বাবে।

4.প্ৰশ্ন:লুমেন কিহৰ একক?

উত্তৰ:- জ্যোতি তীব্ৰতা।

5.প্ৰশ্ন:কেচুৰ চকু কেইটা?

উত্তৰ:- কেচুৰ চকু নাই।

6.প্ৰশ্ন:'ব্লেক হল' সিদ্ধান্ত কোনজন বিজ্ঞানীৰ আছিল?

উত্তৰ:- এছ. চন্দ্ৰশেখৰ।

7.প্ৰশ্ন:মৰিচিকা হোৱাৰ কাৰণ কি?

উত্তৰ:- আভ্যন্তৰিণ পূৰ্ণ প্ৰতিফলন বাবে।

8.প্ৰশ্ন:সকলোতকৈ দহনশিল গেছ কি?

উত্তৰ:- হাইড্ৰ'জেন।

9.প্ৰশ্ন:কি ধাতু তৰল অৱস্হাত থাকে?

উত্তৰ:- পাৰা।

10.প্ৰশ্ন:ইলেকট্ৰন আৱিস্কাৰ কৰা বিজ্ঞানী জনৰ নাম কি?

উত্তৰ:- জে. জে. থমচন।

11.প্ৰশ্ন:আটাইতকৈ কোমল ধাতু বিধৰ নাম কি?

উত্তৰ:- লিথিয়াম।

12.প্ৰশ্ন:ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথম পাৰমাণবিক চুলাটোৰ নাম কি?

উত্তৰ:- ‍অপ্সাৰা।

13.প্ৰশ্ন:আধুনিক ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞানৰ জনক কোন?

উত্তৰ:- এণ্টানি লেভয়চিয়াৰ।

14.প্ৰশ্ন:পায়ৰিয়া ৰোগে মানুহৰ শৰীৰত কোন অংশত অপকাৰ কৰে?

উত্তৰ:- দাঁত।

15.প্ৰশ্ন:সৰ্বাধিক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ধাতু বিধ কি?

উত্তৰ:- লো।

16.প্ৰশ্ন:কেন্সাৰ ৰোগৰ চিকিৎসাত কি মৌল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

উত্তৰ:- কোবাল্ট।

17.প্ৰশ্ন:কেঁচাফল পকাবলৈ কি গেছ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

উত্তৰ:- কাৰ্বাইড।

18.প্ৰশ্ন:প্ৰৱাহিত পানী নাইবা কোনো দ্ৰৱৰ গতি জুখিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা যন্ত্ৰটোৰ নাম কি?

উত্তৰ:- টেকোমিটাৰ।

19.প্ৰশ্ন:নিউটন কিহৰ একক?

উত্তৰ:- MKS পদ্ধতিত বলৰ একক।

20.প্ৰশ্ন:ধাতুৰ টুকুৰা জোৰা লগাবলৈ কি গেছ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

উত্তৰ:- এচিটিলিন।

21.প্ৰশ্ন:AC আৰু DC কাৰেন্ট পাবলৈ কি যন্ত্ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

উত্তৰ:- ৰেক্টিফায়াৰ।

22.প্ৰশ্ন:কি পদ্ধতিত সুৰ্য্যৰ তাপ পৃথিৱীলৈ আহে?

উত্তৰ:- বিকিৰণ পদ্ধতি।

23.প্ৰশ্ন:বায়ুৰ গতি আৰু বল জোখা যন্ত্ৰটোৰ নাম কি?

উত্তৰ:- এনিম'মিটাৰ।

24.প্ৰশ্ন:CGS পদ্ধতিত শক্তিৰ একক কি?

উত্তৰ:- আৰ্গ।

25.প্ৰশ্ন:পিতলত কি কি ধাতু থাকে?

উত্তৰ:- তাম আৰু দস্তা।

26.প্ৰশ্ন: আটাইতকৈ বিষাক্ত মৌল বিধৰ নাম কি ?

উঃ পুটোনিয়াম।

27.প্ৰশ্ন: পৰীক্ষামূলকভাৱে প্রথম ভূ-গর্ভত পৰমাণু বােমাৰ বিস্ফোৰণ ঘটোৱা দেশখনৰ নাম কি ?

উঃ বৃটেইন ।

28.প্ৰশ্ন: আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ গেছীয় মৌলবিধ কি ?

উঃ ৰেডন।

29.প্ৰশ্ন: বর্ষাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে মেঘৰ গাজনিত আকাশৰ পৰা নামি অহা বিদ্যুৎক্ষৰণে মাটিৰ বুকুত কি এৰি দিয়ে ?

উঃ নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইড।

30.প্ৰশ্ন: "বেঘনীসেহাসুৰ" - কি?

উ: বগা পােহৰত থকা সাতটা ৰঙৰ সমষ্টি । যেনে - বেঙুনীয়া, ঘননীলা,নীলা, সেউজীয়া, হালধীয়া, সুমথিৰা আৰু ৰঙা।

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আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস International Women's Day

আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস  International Women's Day 

প্ৰতি বছৰে ৮ মাৰ্চত আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস পালন কৰা হয়। সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে এই দিৱস পালন কৰা হয়। এই দিৱস উদযাপনৰ আঁৰত আছে মহিলা শ্ৰমিকৰ অধিকাৰৰ বাবে সংগ্ৰামৰ ইতিহাস।

১৮৫৭ চনত আমেৰিকাৰ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ৰাজপথলৈ ওলাই আহি মজুৰিৰ বৈষম্য, নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰ্মৰ সময় আৰু অমানৱীয় কৰ্ম পৰিস্থিতিৰ বিৰুদ্ধে সূতা কাৰাখানাৰ নাৰী শ্ৰমিকসকলে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত কৰিছিল। সেই শোভাযাত্ৰাত চৰকাৰে প্ৰতিবাদী বাহিনীৰ ওপৰত দমন-নিপীড়ন চলাইছিল।

১৯০৯ চনৰ ২৮ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত জাৰ্মান সমাজবাদী নেত্ৰী ক্লাৰা জেটকিনৰ নেতৃত্বত নিউয়ৰ্কত ছ’চিয়েল ডেম’ক্ৰেটিক উইমেন অৰ্গেনাইজেশ্যনে আয়োজন কৰা মহিলা সভাত প্ৰথম আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।

ক্লাৰা আছিল এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান ৰাজনীতিবিদ; জাৰ্মান কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টিৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক। তাৰ পিছত ১৯১০ চনত ডেনমাৰ্কৰ কোপেনহেগেনত দ্বিতীয় আন্তৰ্জাতিক মহিলা সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ইয়াত ১৭খন দেশৰ ১০০ গৰাকী মহিলা প্ৰতিনিধিয়ে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। এই সন্মিলনত ক্লাৰাই প্ৰতি বছৰে ৮ মাৰ্চক আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস হিচাপে পালন কৰাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ আগবঢ়ায়। এই দিনটো ১৯১১ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰ পৰা নাৰী সমতা দিৱস হিচাপে পালন কৰা হ’ব বুলি সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা হয়।

বিভিন্ন দেশৰ সমাজবাদীসকলে এই দিনটো পালন কৰিবলৈ আগবাঢ়ি আহে। ১৯১৪ চনৰ পৰা কেইবাখনো দেশত ৮ মাৰ্চ উদযাপন কৰা হয়। তাৰ পিছত ১৯৭৫ চনত ৮ মাৰ্চত ইয়াক আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়।

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Active and Passive Voice Rules for Competitive Exams

Active & Passive Voice

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Active and Passive voice is a particularly essential grammatical structure used in the English language. Understanding the rules governing their usage is crucial for effective communication. In this article, we will delve into the fundamentals of the active and passive voice. we will also explore the usage, rules, and conversion of Active and Passive voices. The English Language is utterly essential for all competitive exams, and you must understand the significance of the Voice section if you are preparing for one

Voice of a verb

The voice of a verb is the form of the verb that indicates whether the subject of the sentence is performing the action or the subject is receiving the action. In the English Language, verbs can be classified into two types of voices – Active voice and Passive voice.

There are Two Basic Kinds of Voice in English Grammar :

1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice

What is Active Voice?

• When the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed by the verb then it is Active Voice.
• For Example: “Nisha ate the apple”. Here “Nisha” is the subject performing the action”ate”.

What is Passive Voice?

• When the subject of the sentence receives the action expressed by the verb or is acted upon then it is Passive Voice.
• For Example: “The apple was eaten by Nisha.” Here, ” The apple” is the subject receiving the action “was eaten”.

“Active voice defines that the subject is doing the action and the passive voice refers to that the subject is being acted upon.”

Active and Passive Voice Rules Chart

Tense	Active voice	Passive voice
Present Indefinite	Does/Do	Is/Are/Am
Present Continuous	Is/Am/Are	Is/Am/Are + Being
Present Perfect	Has / Have	Has been / Have been
Present Perfect Continuous	Has / Have been	Has / Have been + Being
Past Indefinite	Did	Was / Were
Past Continuous	was/were	was/ were + being
Past Perfect	had	had been
Past Perfect Continuous	had been	had been + being
Future Indefinite	Will	Will be
Future Continuous	Will be	Will be + Being
Future Perfect	Will have	Will have been
Future Perfect Continuous	Will have been	Will have been + being

Active And Passive Voice Rules For Conversion :

• The object of the active verb becomes the Subject of the passive verb.
• The active sentence’s subject becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped). The finite form of the verb is changed to past participle or V3 form.
• The preposition “by” is used before the passive object.

Active and Passive Voice Rules For All Tenses:

1. Simple Present/ Past/ Future Tense

• Active: Subject + V1/ V2/ will V1/ shall V1 + object…
• Passive: Object + Is/are/am/was/were/will be/shall be + verb (III forms) + by + subject…

2. Present/ Past Continuous Tense

• Active: Subject + Is/are/am/was/were + verb (ing) + object…
• Passive: Object + Is/are/am/was/were + being + verb (III from) + by + subject… 

3. Present/ Past/ Future Perfect Tense

• Active: Subject + has/have/had/shall have/will have + verb (IIIrd form) + object…
• Passive: Object + has/have/had/shall have/will have + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject…

. Interrogative Sentences

Present and Past Tense:

• Structure 1:
  Active: Do/does/did + subject + V1 + object….?
  Passive: Is/are/am/was/were + object + V3 + by + subject….?
• Structure 2:
  Active: Is/are/a/was/were + subject + verb (ing) + object…?
  Passive: Is/are/am/was/were + object + being + verb (III from) + by + subject…?
• Structure 3:
  Active: Has/have/had + subject + verb (IIIrd form) + object…
  Passive: Has/have/had + object + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject…
• Structure 4:
  Active: Who + verb (s or es)/verb (IInd form) + object…?
  Passive: By whom + is/are/am/was/were + object + verb (IIIrd form)?
• Structure 5:
  Active: Wh-question word + do/does/did + subject + verb (I form) + object…?
  Passive: Wh-question word + Is/are/am/was/were + object + verb (III from) + by + subject…? 

Future Tense:

• Structure 1:
  Active: Shall/ will + subject + verb (Ist form) + object….?
  Passive: Is/are/am Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject….?
• Structure 2:
  Active: Shall/ will + subject + have + verb (IIIrd form) + object…
  Passive: Shall/ will + object + have + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject…
• Structure 3:
  Active: Who + Shall/ will + V1 + object…?
  Passive: By whom + Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd form)?
• Structure 4:
  Active: Wh-question word + Shall/ will + subject + verb (Ist form) + object…?
  Passive: Wh-question word + Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd from) + by + subject…? 

		5. Imperative Sentences

• Positive
• Active: Verb + object
  Passive: (i) Let + object + be + past participle
  (ii) You are requested/ordered/suggested + to + verb (Ist form) + object
• Negative
• Active: Do + not + Verb + Object
  Passive: (i) Let + object + not + be + past participle
  (ii) You are requested/ordered/suggested + not + to + verb (Ist form) + object 

6. “To be” Sentences

• Active: Subject + Is/Are/Am/Was/Were/Has/Have/Had + To + Verb (Ist form) + Object..
• Passive: Object + Is/Are/Am/Was/Were/Has/Have/Had + To + Be + Verb (III form) + By + Subject.

7. Verb + Preposition + Object

• Active: Subject + verb + preposition + object…
• Passive: Object + to be + verb (III form) + preposition + by + subject…
   

NOTE: While converting such sentences into passive voices, the verb is always followed by the particular preposition.

8. Modal Verbs

• Active: Subject + modal verb + (V1) + object…
• Passive: Object + modal verb + be + V3 + by + subject… 

9. Di-Transitive Verbs

• Some verbs take two objects, for example:
• Active: Samdish gave the beggar an old t-shirt.
  Passive: (i) An old t-shirt was given to the beggar by Samdish.
  (ii) The beggar was given an old t-shirt by Samdish.

10. Sentences with the Intransitive Verb:

Such sentences are known as Mid-voice or Quasi-Passive voice. They seem in active voice, but their meaning is in passive voice, and they have intransitive verbs, like without a direct object.

• Active: Honey tastes sweet.
• Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

TENSE	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple present	I write a letter.	A letter is written by me.
Present continuous	I am writing a letter.	A letter is being written by me.
Present perfect	I have written a letter.	A letter has been written by me.
Present perfect continuous	I have been writing a letter.	A letter has been being written by me.
Simple past	I wrote a letter.	A letter was written by me.
Past continuous	I was writing a letter.	A letter was being written by me.
Past parfect	I had written a letter.	A letter had been written by me.
Past perfect continuous	I had been writing a letter.	A letter had been being written by me.
Simple future	I will write a letter.	A letter will be written by me.
Future continuous	I will be writing a letter.	A letter will be being written by me.
Future Parfect	I will have written a letter.	A letter will have been written by me.
Future Parfect Continuous	I will have been writing a letter.	A letter will have been being written by me.

FAQs on Active and Passive Voice Rules

Q1. What are examples of Active Passive Voice?

Active – I gave him a book for his Birthday
Passive- He was given a book for his Birthday.
Active – The Hunter killed the Lion
Passive- The Lion was killed by Hunter.

Q2. When can we use Passive Voice?

When we want to frame a sentence in such a condition where the main subject, who is doing the action is not known then we can use passive voice.

Q3. How do we identify Active-Passive Voice Sentences?

When the Subject is doing the action it means the sentence is in Active Voice. And when the Subject is only receiving the action it means the sentence is in Passive Voice.

Q4. What are Passive voice examples?

1. Active Voice: “She writes a book.”

Passive Voice: “A book is written by her.”

2. Active Voice: “They will complete the project.”

Passive Voice: “The project will be completed by them.”

3. Active Voice: “He repaired the car.”

Passive Voice: “The car was repaired by him.”

In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, and the verb is changed, often with the addition of “by” to indicate the doer of the action.

Q5. Give some Passive exercises

Exercise 1: Change the following active voice sentences into passive voice:

1. The teacher teaches the students.
2. They built a new house.
3. She will sing a song.
4. The chef cooked a delicious meal.
5. The company has developed a new product.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences in passive voice:

1. The cat chased the mouse.
2. He has completed the assignment.
3. They are repairing the car.
4. The gardener is planting flowers.
5. She will bake a cake.

Exercise 3: Identify whether the following sentences are in active or passive voice:

1. The letter was written by Mary.
2. They are watching a movie.
3. The door was opened by John.
4. She will be awarded a prize.
5. He fixed the computer.

Q6. What are Passive voice tenses

Passive voice can be used in different tenses to indicate when an action happens:

1. Present Simple Passive: Happens now.

– The book is read by the students.

2. Past Simple Passive: Happened in the past.

– The car was repaired by the mechanic yesterday.

3. Future Simple Passive: Will happen in the future.

– The project will be completed by the team next week.

And so on, with each tense indicating a specific time frame for the action.

Article Tags : 

#ADRE 

#Assampolice 

#Apsc 

#SSC

#banking

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SOME IMPORTANT IDIOMS AND PHRASES

Some important Idioms and phrases

#CTET #Assampolice #Apsc #ADRE 

1.Turn the table :- To reverse the condition.

2.Beating around the bush :- Avoiding the main topic.

3.Crocodile tears : - insincere tears.

4.A snake in the grass :- A treacherous person.

5.Spill the beans :- Reveal the secret.

6.To take to one's heels :- To run away.

7.Backstairs influence :- Secret and unfair influence.

8.Give the cold shoulder :- To ignore.

9.Bed of Roses :- Full of joy.

10.No love lost :- Intense dislike.

11.With Might and main :- Full of force.

12.A bolt from the blue :- A complete surprise.

13.Fight tooth and nail :- As best as they could.

14.Showed the white Flag :- Surrender.

15.To cut one short :- To interrupt one.

16.Under a cloud :- In disgrace.

17.A free hand :- complete Liberty.

18.From hand to mouth :- comfortably.

19.Hard and fast :- Strict /definite.

20.At eleventh  hour :- at a late stage .

21.Kicking his heels :- wasting time.

22.leals and bounds :- Rapidly.

23.Hanging by thread :- Be in a dangerous situation.

24.Have one's hands full :- To be very busy.

25.To grease the palm :- to bribe someone.

26.Gift of the gab :- Have the talent to speak.

27.Died the harness :- Died while on duty.

28.At one's wits end :- get puzzled.

29.Out of thin air :- Appears suddenly.

30.To spilt hairs :- To argue about trifles.

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